Forest restoration and agroforestry are key nature-based solutions to biodiversity loss, climate change, and declining rural livelihoods. In the Albertine Rift of Central and East Africa – a global biodiversity hotspot – forest plantations have largely relied on a few exotic tree species, leading to landscape homogenisation, reduced ecosystem resilience, and limited benefits for biodiversity and local communities. Climate change further increases the risk of restoration failure when tree species are poorly matched to local environmental conditions. Native multipurpose tree species offer major opportunities to enhance biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well-being, but their wider use is constrained by limited knowledge of their climate sensitivity, performance, and socio-economic suitability. OpTIBES addresses these gaps by developing climate-adapted, socially grounded strategies for tree species selection in forest restoration and agroforestry, with a primary focus on Rwanda and complementary work in Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo.